What Is a Seroma after Breast Surgery?

Breast surgery can lead to various post-operative conditions, one of which is a seroma. This condition occurs when fluid builds up in areas where tissue has been removed or disturbed, commonly forming at the surgical site. Seromas are particularly relevant to breast surgeries like augmentations, reductions, or breast reconstructions, as these procedures often involve significant tissue manipulation.

Seromas form when lymph fluid, which usually circulates within the body, starts to pool in empty spaces left by the surgery. This fluid accumulation is the body’s natural response to tissue disruption and is a common occurrence in procedures that involve creating or removing large tissue spaces. Breast surgeries, especially those involving flap reconstructions or implant placements, are more likely to result in seromas due to the substantial impact on surrounding tissue and lymph vessels.

What are seromas?

A seroma is a collection of clear fluid that can develop under the skin after surgery, including breast cancer surgery. This fluid, known as serous fluid, accumulates in the space where tissue has been removed or disrupted. Seromas are a common complication and can cause pain, discomfort, and noticeable swelling at the surgical site. They are particularly associated with breast cancer surgeries, such as mastectomy and lumpectomy, due to the extensive tissue manipulation involved. By understanding what a seroma is and how it forms, patients can better manage their symptoms and recovery process.

Causes and risk factors

Seroma formation is often triggered by inflammation following surgery, leading to the accumulation of serous fluid at the surgical site. The risk of developing a seroma is notably higher after breast cancer surgery, especially when procedures involve axillary node clearance or chest wall resection. These surgeries disrupt the lymphatic system, making fluid buildup more likely. Other factors that can contribute to seroma formation include the use of surgical drains, the size and location of the surgical site, and early drain removal. Understanding these risk factors can help patients and healthcare providers take proactive steps to minimise the likelihood of seroma development.

Recognising seroma formation symptoms

Identifying seroma symptoms early can help in seeking timely treatment. Typical signs include a visible swelling or soft lump near the surgical site, which might feel tender to the touch. While generally not painful, larger seromas can cause discomfort or a feeling of tightness. It’s important to differentiate seromas from other postoperative complications, such as infections or haematomas. Unlike an infection, which often brings redness and warmth to the area, a seroma is more likely to cause clear swelling without accompanying redness. A haematoma, on the other hand, involves blood accumulation and typically appears as a dark bruise. Understanding these differences can help patients better communicate symptoms to their healthcare providers. Seromas can lead to the formation of scar tissue, which may impact the healing process and require additional management.

Diagnosis and typical treatments for seroma drainage

Healthcare providers often diagnose seromas through a physical examination and may use ultrasound imaging to confirm the presence of fluid. A sentinel lymph node biopsy is often performed during breast cancer surgery and can lead to temporary skin discolouration. If a seroma is large or causes discomfort, the standard treatment involves aspiration, a process in which a needle is used to drain the fluid. Seroma drainage is a common procedure to manage fluid collections after breast surgery. This process may need to be repeated if the fluid reaccumulates. While aspiration generally provides relief, some seromas can reoccur and require multiple draining sessions. In rare cases, if the seroma persists or becomes encapsulated, more invasive treatments might be necessary.

Post-surgery care

Proper post-surgery care is crucial for preventing seroma formation and ensuring a smooth recovery. Patients should diligently follow their healthcare provider’s instructions for wound care, which may include keeping the surgical site clean and dry, changing dressings as directed, and taking prescribed pain medications. Attending all follow-up appointments is essential for monitoring healing progress and catching any early signs of complications. If a seroma does develop, seeking prompt medical attention is vital to prevent issues such as wound infection and delayed healing. By staying vigilant and adhering to post-operative care guidelines, patients can significantly reduce the risk of seroma-related complications.

Preventive measures and when to seek help

Preventing seromas can sometimes be achieved through surgical techniques, such as placing drains to allow excess fluid to exit the body and applying compressive dressings. While these measures can reduce the risk, seromas may still form despite preventive efforts. Gentle shoulder movement exercises are important to promote circulation and reduce stiffness during recovery. Patients should monitor their recovery closely and seek medical attention if they notice persistent swelling, increased discomfort, or signs of infection, such as redness or fever. Left untreated, a seroma can lead to complications, including infection or chronic fluid retention, which may require more complex treatments.

Returning to normal activities

Resuming normal activities after breast cancer surgery requires patience and careful planning. It is important to prioritise rest and avoid strenuous activities, such as heavy lifting or bending, especially if the surgery involves axillary node clearance or chest wall resection. Gentle exercises, like shoulder movements and stretching, can aid in recovery by promoting circulation and reducing stiffness. Patients should follow their healthcare provider’s recommendations for gradually increasing activity levels and attend all follow-up appointments to ensure they are healing properly. By taking a measured approach to returning to daily routines, patients can support their recovery and minimise the risk of seroma formation.

Breast cancer and seromas

Breast cancer surgery, particularly procedures involving axillary node clearance or chest wall resection, can increase the risk of seroma formation. This complication can significantly delay adjuvant therapy, which is critical for effective cancer treatment. Additionally, the accumulation of seroma fluid in the lymph nodes can lead to lymphedema, a condition characterised by swelling and discomfort. It is essential for individuals undergoing breast cancer surgery to work closely with their healthcare providers to monitor for seroma formation and develop a comprehensive plan for managing symptoms. This plan may include regular follow-up appointments, diligent wound care, and effective pain management strategies to ensure optimal recovery and treatment outcomes.

Surgery negligence related to seroma formation

Negligence in breast surgery can have significant impacts on a patient’s recovery and the risk of complications like seromas. If a healthcare provider fails to deliver appropriate post-operative care or does not address symptoms of a seroma, it could constitute negligence. Key areas where negligence might arise include:

• Lack of post-operative instructions: surgeons have a duty to provide clear guidelines on how to manage the surgical site and what symptoms to watch for. Failure to do so can lead to unmonitored seromas, which might become infected or persist without treatment. Negligence in providing post-operative instructions can lead to seroma formation related complications, which may require additional medical intervention.

• Inadequate monitoring and follow-up: regular follow-up appointments are critical to monitor healing and detect complications like seromas early. Negligence can occur if a surgeon does not schedule or conduct appropriate follow-ups, potentially allowing a seroma to grow unchecked and cause further issues.

• Improper management of seromas: if a seroma does develop, proper treatment is essential. Failure to drain the seroma appropriately, or to follow up after drainage, can result in ongoing discomfort, infection, or even more invasive complications. Patients should expect their healthcare provider to manage seromas according to established guidelines, such as those outlined by NHS Highland, and to intervene promptly if problems arise.

If you believe negligence has impacted your recovery, you may have grounds to seek compensation. Cosmetic Surgery Solicitors can provide legal guidance tailored to your situation, helping you understand your options and pursue a claim if appropriate.

Get in touch

If you’re experiencing complications such as a seroma after breast surgery and suspect negligence may be involved, our dedicated team at Cosmetic Surgery Solicitors is here to help. With extensive expertise in cosmetic surgery claims, we understand the complexities of these cases and can guide you through the process. Let us handle the legal aspects so you can focus on your recovery.

To speak with us, call 0808 256 1267 or complete our online enquiry form to request a callback.